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413 lines
21 KiB
413 lines
21 KiB
## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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##
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## Jonathan Salwan - 2014-05-12 - ROPgadget tool
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##
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## http://twitter.com/JonathanSalwan
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## http://shell-storm.org/project/ROPgadget/
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##
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import re
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from capstone import *
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class Gadgets(object):
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def __init__(self, binary, options, offset):
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self.__binary = binary
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self.__options = options
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self.__offset = offset
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self.__arch = self.__binary.getArch()
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re_str = ""
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if self.__arch == CS_ARCH_X86:
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re_str = "db|int3"
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elif self.__arch == CS_ARCH_ARM64:
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re_str = "brk|smc|hvc"
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if self.__options.filter:
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if re_str:
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re_str += "|"
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re_str += self.__options.filter
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self.__filterRE = re.compile("({})$".format(re_str)) if re_str else None
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def __passCleanX86(self, decodes):
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br = ["ret", "repz ret", "retf", "int", "sysenter", "jmp", "notrack jmp", "call", "notrack call", "syscall"]
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if decodes[-1][2] not in br:
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return True
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if not self.__options.multibr and any(mnemonic in br for _, _, mnemonic, _ in decodes[:-1]):
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return True
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if any("ret" in mnemonic for _, _, mnemonic, _ in decodes[:-1]):
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return True
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return False
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def __gadgetsFinding(self, section, gadgets, arch, mode):
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PREV_BYTES = 9 # Number of bytes prior to the gadget to store.
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opcodes = section["opcodes"]
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sec_vaddr = section["vaddr"]
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ret = []
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md = Cs(arch, mode)
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for gad_op, gad_size, gad_align in gadgets:
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if self.__options.align:
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gad_align = self.__options.align
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allRefRet = [m.start() for m in re.finditer(gad_op, opcodes)]
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for ref in allRefRet:
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end = ref + gad_size
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for i in range(self.__options.depth):
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start = ref - (i * gad_align)
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if (sec_vaddr + start) % gad_align == 0:
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code = opcodes[start:end]
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decodes = md.disasm_lite(code, sec_vaddr + start)
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decodes = list(decodes)
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if sum(size for _, size, _, _ in decodes) != i * gad_align + gad_size:
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# We've read less instructions than planned so something went wrong
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continue
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if self.passClean(decodes):
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continue
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off = self.__offset
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vaddr = off + sec_vaddr + start
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g = {"vaddr": vaddr}
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if not self.__options.noinstr:
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g["gadget"] = " ; ".join("{}{}{}".format(mnemonic, " " if op_str else "", op_str)
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for _, _, mnemonic, op_str in decodes).replace(" ", " ")
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if self.__options.callPreceded:
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prevBytesAddr = max(sec_vaddr, vaddr - PREV_BYTES)
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g["prev"] = opcodes[prevBytesAddr - sec_vaddr:vaddr - sec_vaddr]
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if self.__options.dump:
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g["bytes"] = code
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ret.append(g)
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return ret
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def addROPGadgets(self, section):
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arch = self.__binary.getArch()
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arch_mode = self.__binary.getArchMode()
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arch_endian = self.__binary.getEndian()
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if arch == CS_ARCH_X86:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\xc3", 1, 1], # ret
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[b"\xc2[\x00-\xff]{2}", 3, 1], # ret <imm>
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[b"\xcb", 1, 1], # retf
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[b"\xca[\x00-\xff]{2}", 3, 1], # retf <imm>
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# MPX
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[b"\xf2\xc3", 2, 1], # ret
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[b"\xf2\xc2[\x00-\xff]{2}", 4, 1], # ret <imm>
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]
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_MIPS:
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gadgets = [] # MIPS doesn't have RET instructions. Only JOP gadgets
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_PPC:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x4e\x80\x00\x20", 4, 4] # blr
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x20\x00\x80\x4e", 4, 4] # blr
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]
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_SPARC:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x81\xc3\xe0\x08", 4, 4], # retl
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[b"\x81\xc7\xe0\x08", 4, 4], # ret
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[b"\x81\xe8\x00\x00", 4, 4] # restore
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x08\xe0\xc3\x81", 4, 4], # retl
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[b"\x08\xe0\xc7\x81", 4, 4], # ret
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[b"\x00\x00\xe8\x81", 4, 4] # restore
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]
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arch_mode = 0
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_ARM:
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gadgets = [] # ARM doesn't have RET instructions. Only JOP gadgets
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_ARM64:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\xd6\x5f\x03\xc0", 4, 4] # ret
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\xc0\x03\x5f\xd6", 4, 4] # ret
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]
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arch_mode = CS_MODE_ARM
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_RISCV:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x80\x82", 2, 1], # c.ret
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x82\x80", 2, 1], # c.ret
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]
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arch_mode = CS_MODE_RISCV64 | CS_MODE_RISCVC
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else:
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print("Gadgets().addROPGadgets() - Architecture not supported")
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return None
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if gadgets:
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return self.__gadgetsFinding(section, gadgets, arch, arch_mode + arch_endian)
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return gadgets
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def addJOPGadgets(self, section):
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arch = self.__binary.getArch()
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arch_mode = self.__binary.getArchMode()
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arch_endian = self.__binary.getEndian()
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if arch == CS_ARCH_X86:
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# we start with x86 and x64 common sequences operating on registers
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gadgets = [
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# call/jmp reg
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# d0-d7=call,e0-e7=jmp
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# x86: 0=eax,1=ecx,2=edx,3=ebx,4=esp,5=ebp,6=esi,7=edi
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# x64: 0=rax,1=rcx,2=rdx,3=rbx,4=rsp,5=rbp,6=rsi,7=rdi
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[b"\xff[\xd0-\xd7\xe0-\xe7]", 2, 1],
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# call/jmp [reg]
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# 10-17=call,20-27=jmp
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# x86: 0=eax,1=ecx,2=edx,3=ebx, 6=esi,7=edi
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# x64: 0=rax,1=rcx,2=rdx,3=rbx, 6=rsi,7=rdi
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[b"\xff[\x10-\x13\x16-\x17\x20-\x23\x26-\x27]", 2, 1],
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# call/jmp [reg]
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# 14=call,24=jmp
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# x86: esp
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# x64: rsp
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[b"\xff[\x14\x24]\x24", 3, 1],
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# call/jmp [reg + offset], -0x80 <= offset <= 0x7f
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# 50-57=call,60-67=jmp
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# x86: 0=eax,1=ecx,2=edx,3=ebx, 5=ebp,6=esi,7=edi
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# x64: 0=rax,1=rcx,2=rdx,3=rbx, 5=rbp,6=rsi,7=rdi
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[b"\xff[\x50-\x53\x55-\x57\x60-\x63\x65-\x67][\x00-\xff]", 3, 1],
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# call/jmp [reg + offset], -0x80 <= offset <= 0x7f
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# 54=call,64=jmp
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# x86: esp
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# x64: rsp
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[b"\xff[\x54\x64]\x24[\x00-\xff]", 4, 1],
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# call/jmp [reg + offset], -0x80000000 <= offset <= 0x7fffffff
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# 90-97=call,a0-a7=jmp
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# x86: 0=eax,1=ecx,2=edx,3=ebx, 5=ebp,6=esi,7=edi
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# x64: 0=rax,1=rcx,2=rdx,3=rbx, 5=rbp,6=rsi,7=rdi
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[b"\xff[\x90-\x93\x95-\x97\xa0-\xa3\xa5-\xa7][\x00-\xff]{4}", 6, 1],
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# call/jmp [reg + offset], -0x80000000 <= offset <= 0x7fffffff
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# 94=call,a4=jmp
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# x86: esp
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# x64: rsp
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[b"\xff[\x94\xa4]\x24[\x00-\xff]{4}", 7, 1]
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]
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# in x64, by adding 41 before a sequence with
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# 0=rax,1=rcx,2=rdx,3=rbx,4=rsp,5=rbp,6=rsi,7=rdi
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# we convert it to the same sequence with
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# 0= r8,1= r9,2=r10,3=r11,4=r12,5=r13,6=r14,7=r15
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if arch_mode == CS_MODE_64:
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gadgets += [(b"\x41" + op, size + 1, align) for (op, size, align) in gadgets]
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# finally, add extra sequences common to x86 and x64
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gadgets += [
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[b"\xeb[\x00-\xff]", 2, 1], # jmp offset
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[b"\xe9[\x00-\xff]{4}", 5, 1], # jmp offset
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# MPX
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[b"\xf2\xff[\x20\x21\x22\x23\x26\x27]{1}", 3, 1], # jmp [reg]
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[b"\xf2\xff[\xe0\xe1\xe2\xe3\xe4\xe6\xe7]{1}", 3, 1], # jmp [reg]
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[b"\xf2\xff[\x10\x11\x12\x13\x16\x17]{1}", 3, 1], # jmp [reg]
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[b"\xf2\xff[\xd0\xd1\xd2\xd3\xd4\xd6\xd7]{1}", 3, 1] # call [reg]
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]
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_MIPS:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x00[\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]\xf8\x09[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jalr $v[0-1]|$a[0-3]
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[b"[\x01\x02][\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]\xf8\x09[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jalr $t[0-7]|$s[0-7]
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[b"\x03[\x00\x20\xc0\xe0]\xf8\x09[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jalr $t[8-9]|$s8|$ra
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[b"\x00[\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]\x00\x08[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jr $v[0-1]|$a[0-3]
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[b"[\x01\x02][\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]\x00\x08[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jr $t[0-7]|$s[0-7]
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[b"\x03[\x00\x20\xc0\xe0]\x00\x08[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jr $t[8-9]|$s8|$ra
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[b"[\x0c-\x0f][\x00-\xff]{7}", 8, 4], # jal addr
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[b"[\x08-\x0b][\x00-\xff]{7}", 8, 4] # j addr
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x09\xf8[\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]\x00[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jalr $v[0-1]|$a[0-3]
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[b"\x09\xf8[\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0][\x01\x02][\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jalr $t[0-7]|$s[0-7]
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[b"\x09\xf8[\x00\x20\xc0\xe0]\x03[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jalr $t[8-9]|$s8|$ra
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[b"\x08\x00[\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]\x00[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jr $v[0-1]|$a[0-3]
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[b"\x08\x00[\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0][\x01\x02][\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jr $t[0-7]|$s[0-7]
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[b"\x08\x00[\x00\x20\xc0\xe0]\x03[\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jr $t[8-9]|$s8|$ra
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[b"[\x00-\xff]{3}[\x0c-\x0f][\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4], # jal addr
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[b"[\x00-\xff]{3}[\x08-\x0b][\x00-\xff]{4}", 8, 4] # j addr
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]
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_PPC:
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gadgets = [] # PPC doesn't have reg branch instructions
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_SPARC:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x81\xc0[\x00\x40\x80\xc0]{1}\x00", 4, 4] # jmp %g[0-3]
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x00[\x00\x40\x80\xc0]{1}\xc0\x81", 4, 4] # jmp %g[0-3]
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]
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arch_mode = 0
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_ARM64:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\xd6[\x1f\x5f]{1}[\x00-\x03]{1}[\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]{1}", 4, 4], # br reg
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[b"\xd6\?[\x00-\x03]{1}[\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]{1}", 4, 4] # blr reg # noqa: W605 # FIXME: \?
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"[\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]{1}[\x00-\x03]{1}[\x1f\x5f]{1}\xd6", 4, 4], # br reg
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[b"[\x00\x20\x40\x60\x80\xa0\xc0\xe0]{1}[\x00-\x03]{1}\?\xd6", 4, 4] # blr reg # noqa: W605 # FIXME: \?
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]
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arch_mode = CS_MODE_ARM
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_ARM:
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if self.__options.thumb or self.__options.rawMode == "thumb":
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\x47[\x00\x08\x10\x18\x20\x28\x30\x38\x40\x48\x70]{1}", 2, 2], # bx reg
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[b"\x47[\x80\x88\x90\x98\xa0\xa8\xb0\xb8\xc0\xc8\xf0]{1}", 2, 2], # blx reg
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[b"\xbd[\x00-\xff]{1}", 2, 2] # pop {,pc}
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"[\x00\x08\x10\x18\x20\x28\x30\x38\x40\x48\x70]{1}\x47", 2, 2], # bx reg
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[b"[\x80\x88\x90\x98\xa0\xa8\xb0\xb8\xc0\xc8\xf0]{1}\x47", 2, 2], # blx reg
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[b"[\x00-\xff]{1}\xbd", 2, 2] # pop {,pc}
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]
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arch_mode = CS_MODE_THUMB
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else:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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[b"\xe1\x2f\xff[\x10-\x19\x1e]{1}", 4, 4], # bx reg
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[b"\xe1\x2f\xff[\x30-\x39\x3e]{1}", 4, 4], # blx reg
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[b"[\xe8\xe9][\x10-\x1e\x30-\x3e\x50-\x5e\x70-\x7e\x90-\x9e\xb0-\xbe\xd0-\xde\xf0-\xfe][\x80-\xff][\x00-\xff]", 4, 4] # ldm {,pc}
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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[b"[\x10-\x19\x1e]{1}\xff\x2f\xe1", 4, 4], # bx reg
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[b"[\x30-\x39\x3e]{1}\xff\x2f\xe1", 4, 4], # blx reg
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[b"[\x00-\xff][\x80-\xff][\x10-\x1e\x30-\x3e\x50-\x5e\x70-\x7e\x90-\x9e\xb0-\xbe\xd0-\xde\xf0-\xfe][\xe8\xe9]", 4, 4] # ldm {,pc}
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]
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arch_mode = CS_MODE_ARM
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elif arch == CS_ARCH_RISCV:
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if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
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gadgets = [
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#32 bits encoded register
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[b"[\x00-\xff]{2}[\x00-\xff][\x67\x6f\xe7\xef]",4 , 1],
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[b"[\x00-\xff]{2}[\x00-\xff][\x63\xe3]", 4 , 1],
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#16bits encoded register
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[b"[\xa0-\xff]{1}[\xfd\xf9\xf5\xf1\xed\xe9\xe5\xe1\xdd\xd9\xd5\xd1\xcd\xc9\xc5\xc1\xbd\xb9\xb5\xb1\xad\xa9\xa5\xa1]", 2, 1], # c.j | c.beqz | c.bnez
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[b"[\xa0-\xff]{1}[\x0d\x09\x05\x01\x1d\x19\x15\x11\x2d\x29\x25\x21\x3d\x39\x35\x31\x4d\x49\x45\x41\x5d\x59\x55\x51]", 2, 1], # c.j | c.beqz | c.bnez
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[b"[\xa0-\xff]{1}[\x6d\x69\x65\x61\x7d\x79\x75\x71\x8d\x89\x85\x81\x9d\x99\x95\x91]", 2, 1], # c.j | c.beqz| c.bnez
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[b"[\x81-\x8f]{1}[\x02\x82]", 2, 1], #c.jr register
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[b"[\x91-\x9f]{1}[\x02\x82]", 2, 1], #c.jalr register
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]
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else:
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gadgets = [
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#32 bits encoded register
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[b"[\x67\x6f\xe7\xef][\x00-\xff][\x00-\xff]{2}" , 4, 1], #jalr/j/jal register, offset
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[b"[\x63\xe3][\x00-\xff][\x00-\xff]{2}" , 4, 1], #branch register, offset
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#16 bits encoded register
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[b"[\xfd\xf9\xf5\xf1\xed\xe9\xe5\xe1\xdd\xd9\xd5\xd1\xcd\xc9\xc5\xc1\xbd\xb9\xb5\xb1\xad\xa9\xa5\xa1][\xa0-\xff]{1}", 2, 1], # c.j | c.beqz | c.bnez
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[b"[\x0d\x09\x05\x01\x1d\x19\x15\x11\x2d\x29\x25\x21\x3d\x39\x35\x31\x4d\x49\x45\x41\x5d\x59\x55\x51][\xa0-\xff]{1}", 2, 1], # c.j | c.beqz | c.bnez
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[b"[\x6d\x69\x65\x61\x7d\x79\x75\x71\x8d\x89\x85\x81\x9d\x99\x95\x91][\xa0-\xff]{1}", 2, 1], # c.j | c.beqz| c.bnez
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[b"[\x02\x82][\x81-\x8f]{1}", 2, 1], #c.jr register
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[b"[\x02\x82][\x91-\x9f]{1}", 2, 1], #c.jalr register
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]
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arch_mode = CS_MODE_RISCV64 | CS_MODE_RISCVC
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else:
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print("Gadgets().addJOPGadgets() - Architecture not supported")
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
if gadgets:
|
|
return self.__gadgetsFinding(section, gadgets, arch, arch_mode + arch_endian)
|
|
return gadgets
|
|
|
|
def addSYSGadgets(self, section):
|
|
|
|
arch = self.__binary.getArch()
|
|
arch_mode = self.__binary.getArchMode()
|
|
arch_endian = self.__binary.getEndian()
|
|
|
|
if arch == CS_ARCH_X86:
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\xcd\x80", 2, 1], # int 0x80
|
|
[b"\x0f\x34", 2, 1], # sysenter
|
|
[b"\x0f\x05", 2, 1], # syscall
|
|
[b"\x65\xff\x15\x10\x00\x00\x00", 7, 1], # call DWORD PTR gs:0x10
|
|
[b"\xcd\x80\xc3", 3, 1], # int 0x80 ; ret
|
|
[b"\x0f\x34\xc3", 3, 1], # sysenter ; ret
|
|
[b"\x0f\x05\xc3", 3, 1], # syscall ; ret
|
|
[b"\x65\xff\x15\x10\x00\x00\x00\xc3", 8, 1], # call DWORD PTR gs:0x10 ; ret
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
elif arch == CS_ARCH_MIPS:
|
|
if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\x00\x00\x00\x0c", 4, 4] # syscall
|
|
]
|
|
else:
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\x0c\x00\x00\x00", 4, 4] # syscall
|
|
]
|
|
elif arch == CS_ARCH_PPC:
|
|
gadgets = [] # TODO (sc inst)
|
|
elif arch == CS_ARCH_SPARC:
|
|
gadgets = [] # TODO (ta inst)
|
|
elif arch == CS_ARCH_ARM64:
|
|
gadgets = [] # TODO
|
|
elif arch == CS_ARCH_ARM:
|
|
if self.__options.thumb or self.__options.rawMode == "thumb":
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\x00-\xff]{1}\xef", 2, 2] # FIXME: svc
|
|
]
|
|
arch_mode = CS_MODE_THUMB
|
|
else:
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\x00-\xff]{3}\xef", 4, 4] # FIXME: svc
|
|
]
|
|
arch_mode = CS_MODE_ARM
|
|
elif arch == CS_ARCH_RISCV:
|
|
|
|
if arch_endian == CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN:
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\x00\x00\x00\x73", 4, 2] # syscall
|
|
]
|
|
else:
|
|
gadgets = [
|
|
[b"\x73\x00\x00\x00", 4, 2] # syscall
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
arch_mode = CS_MODE_RISCV64 | CS_MODE_RISCVC
|
|
else:
|
|
print("Gadgets().addSYSGadgets() - Architecture not supported")
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
if gadgets:
|
|
return self.__gadgetsFinding(section, gadgets, arch, arch_mode + arch_endian)
|
|
return []
|
|
|
|
def passClean(self, decodes):
|
|
if not decodes:
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
if self.__arch == CS_ARCH_X86 and self.__passCleanX86(decodes):
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
if self.__filterRE and any(self.__filterRE.match(mnemonic) for _, _, mnemonic, _ in decodes):
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
return False
|